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British Columbia Outdoor Wilderness Guide  |
WESTERN HEMLOCK
tsuga heterophylla
- Western
Hemlock is also known as Pacific Hemlock, West
Coast Hemlock
- 'tsu-ga'
is the Japanese word for "tree" and "mother".
'heterophylla' means "different leaves" in Greek
- the
scent of the crushed needles reminded early settlers
of a European weed with a similar smell
UNIQUE
FEATURES:
- Western
Hemlock has a narrow crown
- droopy
new growth at the top of the tree
- feathery
foliage on down-sweeping branches
- Western
Hemlock has a shallow root system which makes
it sucseptible to blowdown
- Western
Hemlock is an important food source for deer and
elk
LOCATION:
- Western
Hemlock grows along the coast of British Columbia
- Western
Hemlock is found in the Interior wet belt west
of the Rocky Mountains
- grows
from sea level to mid elevations
- Western
Hemlock can tolerate shady areas
- Western
Hemlock can grow on decaying wood or even raw
humus
SIZE:
- Western
Hemlock averages 30 to 50 metres in height
CONES:
- numerous,
small (1.5-2.5 cm)
- greenish,
turning brown with age
- hang
from the ends of the branchlets
NEEDLES:
- nearly
flat, soft, glossy, widely spaced along twigs
- are
of 2 lengths with the shorter ones standing upright
along the top of the twigs producing a feathery,
flat look
- yellowish-green
on top and whitish on the underside
BARK:
- rough,
scaly, reddish or dark brown
WOOD
CHARACTERISTICS:
- even
grain, resists scraping
USES:
- modern
- doors, windows, staircases, ladders, architectual
miller items
- traditional
- inner bark: bread, cakes, eaten whipped with
snow and eulachon grease; wood: carvings, spoons,
combs, roasting spits, dishes; branches/needles:
tea, spice; bark: tanning hides, red dye; roots:
strengthen fishing lines
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